Generic Name Brand Name(s) Classification Indications Mechanism of Action Side Effects Special Notes
Lisinopril Prinivil, Zestril ACE Inhibitor Hypertension, Heart failure, Post-MI Inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme, reducing angiotensin II production and lowering blood pressure Cough, Hyperkalemia, Hypotension Monitor kidney function and potassium; contraindicated in pregnancy
Levothyroxine Synthroid, Levoxyl Thyroid hormone Hypothyroidism Synthetic form of T hormone, regulates metabolism Weight loss, Insomnia, Palpitations Take on empty stomach; monitor TSH
Atorvastatin Lipitor HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor (Statin) Hypercholesterolemia, Cardiovascular risk reduction Inhibits cholesterol synthesis in the liver by blocking HMG-CoA reductase Muscle pain, GI upset, Elevated liver enzymes Avoid grapefruit juice; monitor liver function
Metformin Glucophage Biguanide Type Diabetes Mellitus Reduces hepatic glucose production and increases insulin sensitivity GI upset, Lactic acidosis (rare) Avoid in renal impairment; take with meals
Amlodipine Norvasc Calcium Channel Blocker Hypertension, Angina Inhibits calcium influx into vascular smooth muscle and myocardium, leading to vasodilation Edema, Flushing, Dizziness Monitor for peripheral edema
Metoprolol Tartrate Lopressor Beta Blocker (Selective) Hypertension, Angina, MI Blocks beta- receptors, reducing heart rate and cardiac output Bradycardia, Fatigue, Dizziness Monitor heart rate and blood pressure
Omeprazole Prilosec Proton Pump Inhibitor GERD, Peptic ulcer disease Inhibits H+/K+ ATPase enzyme in gastric parietal cells Headache, Diarrhea, Abdominal pain Best taken before meals
Simvastatin Zocor Statin Hypercholesterolemia Inhibits HMG-CoA reductase to decrease cholesterol synthesis Myalgia, GI upset, Liver enzyme elevation Take in evening; avoid grapefruit juice
Losartan Cozaar Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker (ARB) Hypertension, Diabetic nephropathy Blocks angiotensin II receptor, leading to vasodilation Dizziness, Hyperkalemia Monitor potassium and renal function
Albuterol ProAir HFA, Ventolin HFA Beta- Agonist Asthma, COPD (acute bronchospasm) Stimulates beta- receptors in bronchial smooth muscle, causing bronchodilation Tremor, Tachycardia, Nervousness Use as rescue inhaler
Hydrochlorothiazide Microzide Thiazide Diuretic Hypertension, Edema Inhibits sodium reabsorption in the distal tubules, promoting diuresis Hypokalemia, Dizziness, Dehydration Monitor electrolytes and renal function
Gabapentin Neurontin Anticonvulsant Seizures, Neuropathic pain Modulates calcium channels affecting neurotransmitter release Drowsiness, Dizziness, Fatigue Adjust dose in renal impairment
Sertraline Zoloft SSRI Antidepressant Depression, Anxiety, OCD Selectively inhibits serotonin reuptake in the CNS Nausea, Insomnia, Sexual dysfunction May take several weeks for full effect
Furosemide Lasix Loop Diuretic Edema, Heart failure, Hypertension Inhibits reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the loop of Henle Electrolyte imbalance, Dehydration Monitor electrolytes and renal function
Zolpidem Ambien Sedative-Hypnotic Insomnia Enhances GABA activity at GABA-A receptor complex Drowsiness, Dizziness, Complex sleep behaviors Take immediately before bed; risk of dependence
Citalopram Celexa SSRI Antidepressant Depression Inhibits serotonin reuptake in the CNS Nausea, Dry mouth, Somnolence QT prolongation risk at higher doses
Fluticasone Flonase Corticosteroid (Intranasal) Allergic rhinitis Reduces inflammation by inhibiting multiple types of inflammatory cells Nasal irritation, Headache, Epistaxis May take days to reach full effect
Trazodone Desyrel Antidepressant (SARI) Depression, Insomnia (off-label) Inhibits serotonin reuptake and blocks -HTA receptors Sedation, Dizziness, Dry mouth Can cause priapism; often used for sleep
Amoxicillin Amoxil Penicillin Antibiotic Bacterial infections Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis Diarrhea, Rash, Allergic reaction Check for penicillin allergy
Prednisone Deltasone Corticosteroid (Systemic) Inflammatory conditions, Autoimmune diseases Suppresses inflammation and immune response Weight gain, Mood changes, Hyperglycemia Tapering may be required for long-term use
Pantoprazole Protonix Proton Pump Inhibitor GERD, Erosive esophagitis Blocks gastric acid secretion by inhibiting H+/K+ ATPase Headache, Diarrhea, Abdominal pain May decrease calcium/magnesium absorption with long-term use
Escitalopram Lexapro SSRI Antidepressant Depression, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Inhibits serotonin reuptake in the CNS Nausea, Insomnia, Sexual dysfunction Titrate slowly to minimize side effects
Montelukast Singulair Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist Asthma, Allergic rhinitis Blocks leukotriene receptors, reducing inflammation and bronchoconstriction Headache, Behavioral changes (rare) Used for maintenance, not rescue
Rosuvastatin Crestor Statin Hypercholesterolemia, Cardiovascular risk reduction Inhibits HMG-CoA reductase, reducing cholesterol synthesis Muscle pain, Headache More potent than many other statins
Carvedilol Coreg Beta Blocker (non-selective with alpha-blocking activity) Heart failure, Hypertension Blocks beta and alpha receptors, lowering heart rate and vasodilation Dizziness, Fatigue, Hypotension Monitor blood pressure and heart rate closely
Meloxicam Mobic NSAID Pain, Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid arthritis Inhibits COX enzymes, reducing prostaglandin synthesis GI upset, Increased BP, Renal impairment Use with caution in elderly and those with GI risk
Clopidogrel Plavix Antiplatelet MI, Stroke prevention, PAD Inhibits platelet aggregation by blocking PY receptor Bleeding, Bruising, GI upset Often combined with aspirin after stents
Propranolol Inderal Non-selective Beta Blocker Hypertension, Migraine prophylaxis, Essential tremor Blocks beta-adrenergic receptors, reducing HR and BP Bradycardia, Fatigue, Depression Avoid in asthma patients
Aspirin Ecotrin, Bayer Antiplatelet/NSAID MI prevention, Stroke prevention Irreversibly inhibits COX-, preventing thromboxane A formation GI bleeding, Dyspepsia Enteric-coated formulations reduce GI effects
Cyclobenzaprine Flexeril Muscle Relaxant Muscle spasm Reduces tonic somatic motor activity influencing both alpha and gamma motor neurons Drowsiness, Dry mouth, Dizziness Not for long-term use; sedating
Warfarin Coumadin, Jantoven Anticoagulant (Vitamin K Antagonist) Atrial fibrillation, DVT/PE, Mechanical heart valves Inhibits synthesis of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors (II, VII, IX, X) Bleeding, Bruising, Skin necrosis (rare) Monitor INR; many drug and food interactions
Tramadol Ultram Opioid analgesic Moderate to moderately severe pain Binds to mu-opioid receptors and inhibits norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake Dizziness, Nausea, Constipation Risk of serotonin syndrome and dependence
Duloxetine Cymbalta SNRI Antidepressant Depression, Anxiety, Neuropathic pain, Fibromyalgia Inhibits serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake Nausea, Dry mouth, Fatigue Monitor for increased blood pressure
Ranitidine Zantac H Receptor Antagonist GERD, Ulcers Blocks histamine H receptors in stomach lining Headache, Constipation Withdrawn from market due to NDMA contamination concerns
Venlafaxine Effexor XR SNRI Antidepressant Depression, Anxiety, Panic disorder Inhibits reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine Sweating, Nausea, Drowsiness Taper gradually to avoid withdrawal symptoms
Allopurinol Zyloprim Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor Gout, Hyperuricemia Inhibits xanthine oxidase, reducing uric acid production Rash, GI upset Monitor for hypersensitivity syndrome
Atenolol Tenormin Beta Blocker (Selective) Hypertension, Angina, Post-MI Blocks beta- receptors, decreasing heart rate and cardiac output Bradycardia, Fatigue, Cold extremities Avoid abrupt discontinuation
Digoxin Lanoxin Cardiac Glycoside Heart failure, Atrial fibrillation Inhibits Na+/K+ ATPase, increasing intracellular calcium and contractility Nausea, Visual disturbances, Arrhythmias Narrow therapeutic index; monitor levels
Oxycodone/Acetaminophen Percocet Opioid Analgesic Combo Severe pain Oxycodone activates mu-opioid receptors; acetaminophen inhibits prostaglandin synthesis Constipation, Drowsiness, Nausea Risk of addiction and hepatotoxicity
Diazepam Valium Benzodiazepine Anxiety, Seizures, Muscle spasms Enhances GABA activity at GABA-A receptors Drowsiness, Ataxia, Fatigue Risk of dependence; avoid alcohol
Lorazepam Ativan Benzodiazepine Anxiety, Status epilepticus, Insomnia Potentiates GABA-A receptor activity Sedation, Weakness, Confusion Shorter half-life than diazepam
Naproxen Aleve NSAID Pain, Inflammation, Arthritis Inhibits COX enzymes, reducing prostaglandin synthesis GI upset, Edema, Increased BP Use lowest effective dose
Insulin Glargine Lantus Long-acting insulin Diabetes mellitus type and Regulates glucose metabolism by stimulating glucose uptake Hypoglycemia, Injection site reaction Do not mix with other insulins
Insulin Aspart NovoLog Rapid-acting insulin Diabetes mellitus Stimulates peripheral glucose uptake and inhibits hepatic glucose output Hypoglycemia, Weight gain Administer before meals
Bupropion Wellbutrin NDRI Antidepressant Depression, Smoking cessation Inhibits reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine Insomnia, Dry mouth, Seizures (dose-related) Avoid in patients with seizure disorder
Glipizide Glucotrol Sulfonylurea Type Diabetes Mellitus Stimulates insulin release from pancreatic beta cells Hypoglycemia, Weight gain Take minutes before meals
Cetirizine Zyrtec Antihistamine (nd gen) Allergic rhinitis, Urticaria Selectively blocks peripheral H receptors Drowsiness, Dry mouth Less sedating than st gen antihistamines
Topiramate Topamax Anticonvulsant Seizures, Migraine prophylaxis Blocks sodium channels and enhances GABA activity Cognitive dysfunction, Weight loss Titrate slowly to minimize side effects
Quetiapine Seroquel Atypical Antipsychotic Schizophrenia, Bipolar disorder, Depression adjunct Dopamine and serotonin receptor antagonist Sedation, Weight gain, Orthostasis Monitor for metabolic syndrome
Tamsulosin Flomax Alpha- Blocker Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) Blocks alpha- receptors in prostate and bladder neck Dizziness, Ejaculation dysfunction Take minutes after the same meal daily
Hydralazine Apresoline Vasodilator Hypertension, Heart failure (off-label) Directly relaxes arteriolar smooth muscle Headache, Tachycardia, Lupus-like syndrome Often used with nitrates in heart failure
Enalapril Vasotec ACE Inhibitor Hypertension, Heart failure Inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme, reducing vasoconstriction and aldosterone secretion Cough, Hyperkalemia, Hypotension Monitor renal function and potassium
Methotrexate Rheumatrex, Trexall Antimetabolite, Immunosuppressant Rheumatoid arthritis, Psoriasis, Cancer Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, affecting DNA synthesis Mouth sores, Liver toxicity, Bone marrow suppression Supplement with folic acid
Doxycycline Vibramycin Tetracycline Antibiotic Bacterial infections, Acne, Lyme disease Inhibits protein synthesis by binding S ribosomal subunit Photosensitivity, GI upset Avoid dairy and antacids; not for children <
Lamotrigine Lamictal Anticonvulsant Seizures, Bipolar disorder Inhibits voltage-sensitive sodium channels Rash, Dizziness, Ataxia Risk of Stevens-Johnson syndrome; titrate slowly
Methylphenidate Ritalin, Concerta CNS Stimulant ADHD, Narcolepsy Blocks reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine Insomnia, Appetite loss, Anxiety CII controlled substance
Buspirone Buspar Anxiolytic Generalized anxiety disorder Partial agonist at serotonin -HTA receptors Dizziness, Nausea, Headache Non-sedating; delayed onset
Latanoprost Xalatan Prostaglandin analog Glaucoma Increases outflow of aqueous humor to reduce intraocular pressure Eye redness, Eyelash growth, Iris pigmentation Refrigerate before opening
Nitrofurantoin Macrobid Antibiotic Urinary tract infection Inhibits bacterial ribosomal proteins and other macromolecules GI upset, Pulmonary toxicity (rare) Avoid in renal dysfunction
Valsartan Diovan ARB Hypertension, Heart failure Blocks angiotensin II receptors Dizziness, Hyperkalemia Monitor kidney function and potassium
Spironolactone Aldactone Potassium-sparing diuretic, Aldosterone antagonist Heart failure, Ascites, Hypertension Inhibits aldosterone receptors in distal nephron Hyperkalemia, Gynecomastia Monitor potassium and renal function
Rivaroxaban Xarelto Anticoagulant (Factor Xa Inhibitor) DVT/PE, Atrial fibrillation, Stroke prevention Selectively inhibits factor Xa Bleeding, Bruising No need for INR monitoring
Lisdexamfetamine Vyvanse CNS Stimulant ADHD, Binge eating disorder Prodrug converted to dextroamphetamine, increases norepinephrine and dopamine Decreased appetite, Insomnia CII controlled substance
Famotidine Pepcid H Receptor Antagonist GERD, Ulcers Inhibits histamine H receptors in gastric parietal cells Headache, Dizziness Available OTC
Oseltamivir Tamiflu Antiviral Influenza treatment and prophylaxis Inhibits neuraminidase enzyme in influenza viruses Nausea, Vomiting Start within hours of symptom onset
Baclofen Lioresal Muscle relaxant Spasticity Activates GABA-B receptors Drowsiness, Dizziness Avoid abrupt withdrawal
Terazosin Hytrin Alpha- Blocker Hypertension, BPH Blocks alpha- receptors causing vasodilation Dizziness, Orthostatic hypotension Take at bedtime to avoid dizziness
Hydroxychloroquine Plaquenil Antimalarial, DMARD Lupus, Rheumatoid arthritis, Malaria Modulates immune activity Retinopathy, GI upset Requires regular eye exams
Phenytoin Dilantin Anticonvulsant Seizures Stabilizes neuronal membranes by affecting sodium influx Gingival hyperplasia, Ataxia, Rash Monitor drug levels; narrow therapeutic index
Meclizine Antivert Antihistamine Vertigo, Motion sickness Blocks H receptors Drowsiness, Dry mouth Use caution in elderly
Benazepril Lotensin ACE Inhibitor Hypertension Inhibits ACE enzyme, reducing angiotensin II production Cough, Hyperkalemia Monitor renal function
Clindamycin Cleocin Lincosamide Antibiotic Bacterial infections, Skin and soft tissue infections Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis Diarrhea, C. difficile colitis Black box warning for colitis
Finasteride Proscar, Propecia -Alpha Reductase Inhibitor BPH, Male pattern baldness Inhibits conversion of testosterone to DHT Decreased libido, Erectile dysfunction Pregnant women should not handle crushed tablets
Divalproex Sodium Depakote Anticonvulsant, Mood Stabilizer Seizures, Bipolar disorder, Migraine prophylaxis Increases GABA availability Weight gain, Tremor, Liver toxicity Monitor liver function and drug levels
Gemfibrozil Lopid Fibrate Hypertriglyceridemia Activates PPAR-alpha to increase lipoprotein lipase activity Dyspepsia, Gallstones, Myopathy (especially with statins) Avoid combination with statins
Tolterodine Detrol Anticholinergic Overactive bladder Inhibits muscarinic receptors in bladder Dry mouth, Constipation, Drowsiness Use with caution in elderly
Levothyroxine Synthroid Thyroid hormone Hypothyroidism Synthetic T hormone replaces deficient hormone levels Weight loss, Palpitations, Insomnia Take on empty stomach; monitor TSH
Methocarbamol Robaxin Muscle Relaxant Muscle spasm Exact mechanism unknown; general CNS depression Drowsiness, Dizziness, GI upset Caution with CNS depressants
Promethazine Phenergan Antihistamine/Antiemetic Nausea, Allergies, Motion sickness Blocks H receptors and dopamine receptors Sedation, Dry mouth, Dizziness IV administration risk of tissue damage
Desvenlafaxine Pristiq SNRI Antidepressant Major depressive disorder Inhibits serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake Nausea, Dry mouth, Dizziness Monitor BP and mental status
Olanzapine Zyprexa Atypical Antipsychotic Schizophrenia, Bipolar disorder Dopamine and serotonin receptor antagonist Weight gain, Sedation, Metabolic changes Monitor for metabolic syndrome
Pioglitazone Actos Thiazolidinedione Type Diabetes Mellitus Activates PPAR-gamma to increase insulin sensitivity Weight gain, Edema, Heart failure risk Monitor liver enzymes and signs of CHF
Risperidone Risperdal Atypical Antipsychotic Schizophrenia, Bipolar disorder, Irritability in autism Blocks dopamine D and serotonin -HT receptors Weight gain, Sedation, Extrapyramidal symptoms Monitor prolactin and metabolic profile
Aripiprazole Abilify Atypical Antipsychotic Schizophrenia, Bipolar disorder, Depression adjunct Partial agonist at D and -HTA; antagonist at -HTA Akathisia, Anxiety, GI upset Lower risk of metabolic side effects
Gemfibrozil Lopid Fibrate Hypertriglyceridemia Activates PPAR-alpha to increase lipoprotein lipase activity Dyspepsia, Gallstones, Myopathy (especially with statins) Avoid combination with statins
Tolterodine Detrol Anticholinergic Overactive bladder Inhibits muscarinic receptors in bladder Dry mouth, Constipation, Drowsiness Use with caution in elderly
Levothyroxine Synthroid Thyroid hormone Hypothyroidism Synthetic T hormone replaces deficient hormone levels Weight loss, Palpitations, Insomnia Take on empty stomach; monitor TSH
Methocarbamol Robaxin Muscle Relaxant Muscle spasm Exact mechanism unknown; general CNS depression Drowsiness, Dizziness, GI upset Caution with CNS depressants
Promethazine Phenergan Antihistamine/Antiemetic Nausea, Allergies, Motion sickness Blocks H receptors and dopamine receptors Sedation, Dry mouth, Dizziness IV administration risk of tissue damage
Desvenlafaxine Pristiq SNRI Antidepressant Major depressive disorder Inhibits serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake Nausea, Dry mouth, Dizziness Monitor BP and mental status
Olanzapine Zyprexa Atypical Antipsychotic Schizophrenia, Bipolar disorder Dopamine and serotonin receptor antagonist Weight gain, Sedation, Metabolic changes Monitor for metabolic syndrome
Pioglitazone Actos Thiazolidinedione Type Diabetes Mellitus Activates PPAR-gamma to increase insulin sensitivity Weight gain, Edema, Heart failure risk Monitor liver enzymes and signs of CHF
Risperidone Risperdal Atypical Antipsychotic Schizophrenia, Bipolar disorder, Irritability in autism Blocks dopamine D and serotonin -HT receptors Weight gain, Sedation, Extrapyramidal symptoms Monitor prolactin and metabolic profile
Aripiprazole Abilify Atypical Antipsychotic Schizophrenia, Bipolar disorder, Depression adjunct Partial agonist at D and -HTA; antagonist at -HTA Akathisia, Anxiety, GI upset Lower risk of metabolic side effects
Gemfibrozil Lopid Fibrate Hypertriglyceridemia Activates PPAR-alpha to increase lipoprotein lipase activity Dyspepsia, Gallstones, Myopathy (especially with statins) Avoid combination with statins
Tolterodine Detrol Anticholinergic Overactive bladder Inhibits muscarinic receptors in bladder Dry mouth, Constipation, Drowsiness Use with caution in elderly
Levothyroxine Synthroid Thyroid hormone Hypothyroidism Synthetic T hormone replaces deficient hormone levels Weight loss, Palpitations, Insomnia Take on empty stomach; monitor TSH
Methocarbamol Robaxin Muscle Relaxant Muscle spasm Exact mechanism unknown; general CNS depression Drowsiness, Dizziness, GI upset Caution with CNS depressants
Promethazine Phenergan Antihistamine/Antiemetic Nausea, Allergies, Motion sickness Blocks H receptors and dopamine receptors Sedation, Dry mouth, Dizziness IV administration risk of tissue damage
Desvenlafaxine Pristiq SNRI Antidepressant Major depressive disorder Inhibits serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake Nausea, Dry mouth, Dizziness Monitor BP and mental status
Olanzapine Zyprexa Atypical Antipsychotic Schizophrenia, Bipolar disorder Dopamine and serotonin receptor antagonist Weight gain, Sedation, Metabolic changes Monitor for metabolic syndrome
Pioglitazone Actos Thiazolidinedione Type Diabetes Mellitus Activates PPAR-gamma to increase insulin sensitivity Weight gain, Edema, Heart failure risk Monitor liver enzymes and signs of CHF
Risperidone Risperdal Atypical Antipsychotic Schizophrenia, Bipolar disorder, Irritability in autism Blocks dopamine D and serotonin -HT receptors Weight gain, Sedation, Extrapyramidal symptoms Monitor prolactin and metabolic profile
Aripiprazole Abilify Atypical Antipsychotic Schizophrenia, Bipolar disorder, Depression adjunct Partial agonist at D and -HTA; antagonist at -HTA Akathisia, Anxiety, GI upset Lower risk of metabolic side effects
Gemfibrozil Lopid Fibrate Hypertriglyceridemia Activates PPAR-alpha to increase lipoprotein lipase activity Dyspepsia, Gallstones, Myopathy (especially with statins) Avoid combination with statins
Tolterodine Detrol Anticholinergic Overactive bladder Inhibits muscarinic receptors in bladder Dry mouth, Constipation, Drowsiness Use with caution in elderly
Levothyroxine Synthroid Thyroid hormone Hypothyroidism Synthetic T hormone replaces deficient hormone levels Weight loss, Palpitations, Insomnia Take on empty stomach; monitor TSH
Methocarbamol Robaxin Muscle Relaxant Muscle spasm Exact mechanism unknown; general CNS depression Drowsiness, Dizziness, GI upset Caution with CNS depressants
Promethazine Phenergan Antihistamine/Antiemetic Nausea, Allergies, Motion sickness Blocks H receptors and dopamine receptors Sedation, Dry mouth, Dizziness IV administration risk of tissue damage
Desvenlafaxine Pristiq SNRI Antidepressant Major depressive disorder Inhibits serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake Nausea, Dry mouth, Dizziness Monitor BP and mental status
Olanzapine Zyprexa Atypical Antipsychotic Schizophrenia, Bipolar disorder Dopamine and serotonin receptor antagonist Weight gain, Sedation, Metabolic changes Monitor for metabolic syndrome
Pioglitazone Actos Thiazolidinedione Type Diabetes Mellitus Activates PPAR-gamma to increase insulin sensitivity Weight gain, Edema, Heart failure risk Monitor liver enzymes and signs of CHF
Risperidone Risperdal Atypical Antipsychotic Schizophrenia, Bipolar disorder, Irritability in autism Blocks dopamine D and serotonin -HT receptors Weight gain, Sedation, Extrapyramidal symptoms Monitor prolactin and metabolic profile
Aripiprazole Abilify Atypical Antipsychotic Schizophrenia, Bipolar disorder, Depression adjunct Partial agonist at D and -HTA; antagonist at -HTA Akathisia, Anxiety, GI upset Lower risk of metabolic side effects
Gemfibrozil Lopid Fibrate Hypertriglyceridemia Activates PPAR-alpha to increase lipoprotein lipase activity Dyspepsia, Gallstones, Myopathy (especially with statins) Avoid combination with statins
Tolterodine Detrol Anticholinergic Overactive bladder Inhibits muscarinic receptors in bladder Dry mouth, Constipation, Drowsiness Use with caution in elderly
Levothyroxine Synthroid Thyroid hormone Hypothyroidism Synthetic T hormone replaces deficient hormone levels Weight loss, Palpitations, Insomnia Take on empty stomach; monitor TSH
Methocarbamol Robaxin Muscle Relaxant Muscle spasm Exact mechanism unknown; general CNS depression Drowsiness, Dizziness, GI upset Caution with CNS depressants
Promethazine Phenergan Antihistamine/Antiemetic Nausea, Allergies, Motion sickness Blocks H receptors and dopamine receptors Sedation, Dry mouth, Dizziness IV administration risk of tissue damage
Desvenlafaxine Pristiq SNRI Antidepressant Major depressive disorder Inhibits serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake Nausea, Dry mouth, Dizziness Monitor BP and mental status
Olanzapine Zyprexa Atypical Antipsychotic Schizophrenia, Bipolar disorder Dopamine and serotonin receptor antagonist Weight gain, Sedation, Metabolic changes Monitor for metabolic syndrome
Pioglitazone Actos Thiazolidinedione Type Diabetes Mellitus Activates PPAR-gamma to increase insulin sensitivity Weight gain, Edema, Heart failure risk Monitor liver enzymes and signs of CHF
Risperidone Risperdal Atypical Antipsychotic Schizophrenia, Bipolar disorder, Irritability in autism Blocks dopamine D and serotonin -HT receptors Weight gain, Sedation, Extrapyramidal symptoms Monitor prolactin and metabolic profile
Aripiprazole Abilify Atypical Antipsychotic Schizophrenia, Bipolar disorder, Depression adjunct Partial agonist at D and -HTA; antagonist at -HTA Akathisia, Anxiety, GI upset Lower risk of metabolic side effects
Etanercept Enbrel TNF Inhibitor Rheumatoid arthritis, Psoriasis Blocks tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a pro-inflammatory cytokine Injection site reaction, Infections Monitor for tuberculosis and infections
Canagliflozin Invokana SGLT Inhibitor Type Diabetes Inhibits sodium-glucose cotransporter in the proximal renal tubules UTIs, Hypotension, Hyperkalemia Monitor renal function and hydration status
Sacubitril/Valsartan Entresto ARNI (Neprilysin inhibitor + ARB) Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction Increases natriuretic peptides while blocking angiotensin II effects Hypotension, Hyperkalemia, Cough Do not use with ACE inhibitors
Dapagliflozin Farxiga SGLT Inhibitor Type Diabetes, Heart failure, CKD Reduces glucose reabsorption in kidneys Genital infections, Dehydration Monitor renal function
Ticagrelor Brilinta Antiplatelet (PY inhibitor) Acute coronary syndrome Reversibly inhibits PY receptor on platelets Bleeding, Dyspnea Do not use with strong CYPA inhibitors
Etanercept Enbrel TNF Inhibitor Rheumatoid arthritis, Psoriasis Blocks tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a pro-inflammatory cytokine Injection site reaction, Infections Monitor for tuberculosis and infections
Canagliflozin Invokana SGLT Inhibitor Type Diabetes Inhibits sodium-glucose cotransporter in the proximal renal tubules UTIs, Hypotension, Hyperkalemia Monitor renal function and hydration status
Sacubitril/Valsartan Entresto ARNI (Neprilysin inhibitor + ARB) Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction Increases natriuretic peptides while blocking angiotensin II effects Hypotension, Hyperkalemia, Cough Do not use with ACE inhibitors
Dapagliflozin Farxiga SGLT Inhibitor Type Diabetes, Heart failure, CKD Reduces glucose reabsorption in kidneys Genital infections, Dehydration Monitor renal function
Ticagrelor Brilinta Antiplatelet (PY inhibitor) Acute coronary syndrome Reversibly inhibits PY receptor on platelets Bleeding, Dyspnea Do not use with strong CYPA inhibitors
Etanercept Enbrel TNF Inhibitor Rheumatoid arthritis, Psoriasis Blocks tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a pro-inflammatory cytokine Injection site reaction, Infections Monitor for tuberculosis and infections
Canagliflozin Invokana SGLT Inhibitor Type Diabetes Inhibits sodium-glucose cotransporter in the proximal renal tubules UTIs, Hypotension, Hyperkalemia Monitor renal function and hydration status
Sacubitril/Valsartan Entresto ARNI (Neprilysin inhibitor + ARB) Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction Increases natriuretic peptides while blocking angiotensin II effects Hypotension, Hyperkalemia, Cough Do not use with ACE inhibitors
Dapagliflozin Farxiga SGLT Inhibitor Type Diabetes, Heart failure, CKD Reduces glucose reabsorption in kidneys Genital infections, Dehydration Monitor renal function
Ticagrelor Brilinta Antiplatelet (PY inhibitor) Acute coronary syndrome Reversibly inhibits PY receptor on platelets Bleeding, Dyspnea Do not use with strong CYPA inhibitors
Etanercept Enbrel TNF Inhibitor Rheumatoid arthritis, Psoriasis Blocks tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a pro-inflammatory cytokine Injection site reaction, Infections Monitor for tuberculosis and infections
Canagliflozin Invokana SGLT Inhibitor Type Diabetes Inhibits sodium-glucose cotransporter in the proximal renal tubules UTIs, Hypotension, Hyperkalemia Monitor renal function and hydration status
Sacubitril/Valsartan Entresto ARNI (Neprilysin inhibitor + ARB) Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction Increases natriuretic peptides while blocking angiotensin II effects Hypotension, Hyperkalemia, Cough Do not use with ACE inhibitors
Dapagliflozin Farxiga SGLT Inhibitor Type Diabetes, Heart failure, CKD Reduces glucose reabsorption in kidneys Genital infections, Dehydration Monitor renal function
Ticagrelor Brilinta Antiplatelet (PY inhibitor) Acute coronary syndrome Reversibly inhibits PY receptor on platelets Bleeding, Dyspnea Do not use with strong CYPA inhibitors
Etanercept Enbrel TNF Inhibitor Rheumatoid arthritis, Psoriasis Blocks tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a pro-inflammatory cytokine Injection site reaction, Infections Monitor for tuberculosis and infections
Canagliflozin Invokana SGLT Inhibitor Type Diabetes Inhibits sodium-glucose cotransporter in the proximal renal tubules UTIs, Hypotension, Hyperkalemia Monitor renal function and hydration status
Sacubitril/Valsartan Entresto ARNI (Neprilysin inhibitor + ARB) Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction Increases natriuretic peptides while blocking angiotensin II effects Hypotension, Hyperkalemia, Cough Do not use with ACE inhibitors
Dapagliflozin Farxiga SGLT Inhibitor Type Diabetes, Heart failure, CKD Reduces glucose reabsorption in kidneys Genital infections, Dehydration Monitor renal function
Ticagrelor Brilinta Antiplatelet (PY inhibitor) Acute coronary syndrome Reversibly inhibits PY receptor on platelets Bleeding, Dyspnea Do not use with strong CYPA inhibitors
Etanercept Enbrel TNF Inhibitor Rheumatoid arthritis, Psoriasis Blocks tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a pro-inflammatory cytokine Injection site reaction, Infections Monitor for tuberculosis and infections
Canagliflozin Invokana SGLT Inhibitor Type Diabetes Inhibits sodium-glucose cotransporter in the proximal renal tubules UTIs, Hypotension, Hyperkalemia Monitor renal function and hydration status
Sacubitril/Valsartan Entresto ARNI (Neprilysin inhibitor + ARB) Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction Increases natriuretic peptides while blocking angiotensin II effects Hypotension, Hyperkalemia, Cough Do not use with ACE inhibitors
Dapagliflozin Farxiga SGLT Inhibitor Type Diabetes, Heart failure, CKD Reduces glucose reabsorption in kidneys Genital infections, Dehydration Monitor renal function
Ticagrelor Brilinta Antiplatelet (PY inhibitor) Acute coronary syndrome Reversibly inhibits PY receptor on platelets Bleeding, Dyspnea Do not use with strong CYPA inhibitors
Etanercept Enbrel TNF Inhibitor Rheumatoid arthritis, Psoriasis Blocks tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a pro-inflammatory cytokine Injection site reaction, Infections Monitor for tuberculosis and infections
Canagliflozin Invokana SGLT Inhibitor Type Diabetes Inhibits sodium-glucose cotransporter in the proximal renal tubules UTIs, Hypotension, Hyperkalemia Monitor renal function and hydration status
Sacubitril/Valsartan Entresto ARNI (Neprilysin inhibitor + ARB) Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction Increases natriuretic peptides while blocking angiotensin II effects Hypotension, Hyperkalemia, Cough Do not use with ACE inhibitors
Dapagliflozin Farxiga SGLT Inhibitor Type Diabetes, Heart failure, CKD Reduces glucose reabsorption in kidneys Genital infections, Dehydration Monitor renal function
Ticagrelor Brilinta Antiplatelet (PY inhibitor) Acute coronary syndrome Reversibly inhibits PY receptor on platelets Bleeding, Dyspnea Do not use with strong CYPA inhibitors
Etanercept Enbrel TNF Inhibitor Rheumatoid arthritis, Psoriasis Blocks tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a pro-inflammatory cytokine Injection site reaction, Infections Monitor for tuberculosis and infections
Canagliflozin Invokana SGLT Inhibitor Type Diabetes Inhibits sodium-glucose cotransporter in the proximal renal tubules UTIs, Hypotension, Hyperkalemia Monitor renal function and hydration status
Sacubitril/Valsartan Entresto ARNI (Neprilysin inhibitor + ARB) Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction Increases natriuretic peptides while blocking angiotensin II effects Hypotension, Hyperkalemia, Cough Do not use with ACE inhibitors
Dapagliflozin Farxiga SGLT Inhibitor Type Diabetes, Heart failure, CKD Reduces glucose reabsorption in kidneys Genital infections, Dehydration Monitor renal function
Ticagrelor Brilinta Antiplatelet (PY inhibitor) Acute coronary syndrome Reversibly inhibits PY receptor on platelets Bleeding, Dyspnea Do not use with strong CYPA inhibitors
Etanercept Enbrel TNF Inhibitor Rheumatoid arthritis, Psoriasis Blocks tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a pro-inflammatory cytokine Injection site reaction, Infections Monitor for tuberculosis and infections
Canagliflozin Invokana SGLT Inhibitor Type Diabetes Inhibits sodium-glucose cotransporter in the proximal renal tubules UTIs, Hypotension, Hyperkalemia Monitor renal function and hydration status
Sacubitril/Valsartan Entresto ARNI (Neprilysin inhibitor + ARB) Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction Increases natriuretic peptides while blocking angiotensin II effects Hypotension, Hyperkalemia, Cough Do not use with ACE inhibitors
Dapagliflozin Farxiga SGLT Inhibitor Type Diabetes, Heart failure, CKD Reduces glucose reabsorption in kidneys Genital infections, Dehydration Monitor renal function
Ticagrelor Brilinta Antiplatelet (PY inhibitor) Acute coronary syndrome Reversibly inhibits PY receptor on platelets Bleeding, Dyspnea Do not use with strong CYPA inhibitors
Etanercept Enbrel TNF Inhibitor Rheumatoid arthritis, Psoriasis Blocks tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a pro-inflammatory cytokine Injection site reaction, Infections Monitor for tuberculosis and infections
Canagliflozin Invokana SGLT Inhibitor Type Diabetes Inhibits sodium-glucose cotransporter in the proximal renal tubules UTIs, Hypotension, Hyperkalemia Monitor renal function and hydration status
Sacubitril/Valsartan Entresto ARNI (Neprilysin inhibitor + ARB) Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction Increases natriuretic peptides while blocking angiotensin II effects Hypotension, Hyperkalemia, Cough Do not use with ACE inhibitors
Dapagliflozin Farxiga SGLT Inhibitor Type Diabetes, Heart failure, CKD Reduces glucose reabsorption in kidneys Genital infections, Dehydration Monitor renal function
Ticagrelor Brilinta Antiplatelet (PY inhibitor) Acute coronary syndrome Reversibly inhibits PY receptor on platelets Bleeding, Dyspnea Do not use with strong CYPA inhibitors
Etanercept Enbrel TNF Inhibitor Rheumatoid arthritis, Psoriasis Blocks tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a pro-inflammatory cytokine Injection site reaction, Infections Monitor for tuberculosis and infections
Canagliflozin Invokana SGLT Inhibitor Type Diabetes Inhibits sodium-glucose cotransporter in the proximal renal tubules UTIs, Hypotension, Hyperkalemia Monitor renal function and hydration status
Sacubitril/Valsartan Entresto ARNI (Neprilysin inhibitor + ARB) Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction Increases natriuretic peptides while blocking angiotensin II effects Hypotension, Hyperkalemia, Cough Do not use with ACE inhibitors
Dapagliflozin Farxiga SGLT Inhibitor Type Diabetes, Heart failure, CKD Reduces glucose reabsorption in kidneys Genital infections, Dehydration Monitor renal function
Ticagrelor Brilinta Antiplatelet (PY inhibitor) Acute coronary syndrome Reversibly inhibits PY receptor on platelets Bleeding, Dyspnea Do not use with strong CYPA inhibitors
Etanercept Enbrel TNF Inhibitor Rheumatoid arthritis, Psoriasis Blocks tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a pro-inflammatory cytokine Injection site reaction, Infections Monitor for tuberculosis and infections
Canagliflozin Invokana SGLT Inhibitor Type Diabetes Inhibits sodium-glucose cotransporter in the proximal renal tubules UTIs, Hypotension, Hyperkalemia Monitor renal function and hydration status
Sacubitril/Valsartan Entresto ARNI (Neprilysin inhibitor + ARB) Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction Increases natriuretic peptides while blocking angiotensin II effects Hypotension, Hyperkalemia, Cough Do not use with ACE inhibitors
Dapagliflozin Farxiga SGLT Inhibitor Type Diabetes, Heart failure, CKD Reduces glucose reabsorption in kidneys Genital infections, Dehydration Monitor renal function
Ticagrelor Brilinta Antiplatelet (PY inhibitor) Acute coronary syndrome Reversibly inhibits PY receptor on platelets Bleeding, Dyspnea Do not use with strong CYPA inhibitors
Etanercept Enbrel TNF Inhibitor Rheumatoid arthritis, Psoriasis Blocks tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a pro-inflammatory cytokine Injection site reaction, Infections Monitor for tuberculosis and infections
Canagliflozin Invokana SGLT Inhibitor Type Diabetes Inhibits sodium-glucose cotransporter in the proximal renal tubules UTIs, Hypotension, Hyperkalemia Monitor renal function and hydration status
Sacubitril/Valsartan Entresto ARNI (Neprilysin inhibitor + ARB) Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction Increases natriuretic peptides while blocking angiotensin II effects Hypotension, Hyperkalemia, Cough Do not use with ACE inhibitors
Dapagliflozin Farxiga SGLT Inhibitor Type Diabetes, Heart failure, CKD Reduces glucose reabsorption in kidneys Genital infections, Dehydration Monitor renal function
Ticagrelor Brilinta Antiplatelet (PY inhibitor) Acute coronary syndrome Reversibly inhibits PY receptor on platelets Bleeding, Dyspnea Do not use with strong CYPA inhibitors
Etanercept Enbrel TNF Inhibitor Rheumatoid arthritis, Psoriasis Blocks tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a pro-inflammatory cytokine Injection site reaction, Infections Monitor for tuberculosis and infections
Canagliflozin Invokana SGLT Inhibitor Type Diabetes Inhibits sodium-glucose cotransporter in the proximal renal tubules UTIs, Hypotension, Hyperkalemia Monitor renal function and hydration status
Sacubitril/Valsartan Entresto ARNI (Neprilysin inhibitor + ARB) Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction Increases natriuretic peptides while blocking angiotensin II effects Hypotension, Hyperkalemia, Cough Do not use with ACE inhibitors
Dapagliflozin Farxiga SGLT Inhibitor Type Diabetes, Heart failure, CKD Reduces glucose reabsorption in kidneys Genital infections, Dehydration Monitor renal function
Ticagrelor Brilinta Antiplatelet (PY inhibitor) Acute coronary syndrome Reversibly inhibits PY receptor on platelets Bleeding, Dyspnea Do not use with strong CYPA inhibitors
Etanercept Enbrel TNF Inhibitor Rheumatoid arthritis, Psoriasis Blocks tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a pro-inflammatory cytokine Injection site reaction, Infections Monitor for tuberculosis and infections
Canagliflozin Invokana SGLT Inhibitor Type Diabetes Inhibits sodium-glucose cotransporter in the proximal renal tubules UTIs, Hypotension, Hyperkalemia Monitor renal function and hydration status
Sacubitril/Valsartan Entresto ARNI (Neprilysin inhibitor + ARB) Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction Increases natriuretic peptides while blocking angiotensin II effects Hypotension, Hyperkalemia, Cough Do not use with ACE inhibitors
Dapagliflozin Farxiga SGLT Inhibitor Type Diabetes, Heart failure, CKD Reduces glucose reabsorption in kidneys Genital infections, Dehydration Monitor renal function
Ticagrelor Brilinta Antiplatelet (PY inhibitor) Acute coronary syndrome Reversibly inhibits PY receptor on platelets Bleeding, Dyspnea Do not use with strong CYPA inhibitors